What Is An American Essays (556 words) - , Term Papers

What Is An American ?What is an American The qualities of the common American has changed radically consistently. We have changed from multiple points of view from when we formally got free in 1776 to the here and now in 2001. A portion of the transformation we have experienced as a nation have been to improve things, others for the most exceedingly terrible. In the twentieth and now the twenty-first hundreds of years, the American culture has grown up with new thoughts on life and new innovation that has become a piece of life. The Modern American can be depicted as somebody who is dedicated, independent, and electronically progressed. Ladies used to remain at home and deal with the house while their spouses worked. Presently ladies are working in indistinguishable fields from men, even in high distinction employments, for example, specialists, legal advisors, and leaders of notable organizations. The present American makes their cash by buckling down. The run of the mill American specialist begins at the base and buckles down get to the top. All over the place, individuals are utilizing gadgets, for example, mobile phones, 2-way pagers, PCs, different gadgets that were not accessible previously and have now become a significant almost American's live. Americans have been frustrating in the course of recent years or something like that. Issues have heightened in sedate use, despise violations, and other negative activities, for example, young pregnancy. Lord 2 There have been a few enhancements in the territory of Americans like the diminished pace of smoking and murders. It is imperative to advance in the battling of medication use, despise violations, just as our different issues to improve the present society. The activities of Americans currently will influence the general public later on, regardless of whether it is one year from now or one quite a while from now, which makes it essential to pick what is best for the country. Being an American, I have a portion of the attributes that the Modern American have. I am diligent employee, holding a requesting after school occupation and staying aware of my investigations simultaneously. I am a piece of the electronic rage that has assumed control over the world inside the most recent ten years. My convictions are that hardware are the way to achievement later on so I wish to keep myself proficient in this perspective. Alongside a significant number of my kindred adolescents, I am autonomous. I can think, act, and settle on significant choices all alone without the assistance of somebody disclosing to me how to carry on with my life. I don't accept that I am a piece of our general public's concern, yet that I am a piece of its answer. It is significant for each American to show high characteristics in light of the fact that a chain is just as solid as its most vulnerable connection. For this situation it implies that our general public can just flourish with the aggregate assistance of the entirety of its individuals. Present day Americans have more prominent, progressively troublesome issues to manage each day. It has gotten progressively mind boggling to experience existence without hitting a couple of knocks in transit. As the country develops more established, it must be kept up that we were given our opportunity however not to the degree of manhandling it. Present day Americans must endeavor to improve society and to make the United States a superior spot to live now, and later on. American History

effect of nutrient on bean essays

impact of supplement on bean articles Impacts of exorbitant macronutrients on development and improvement of ( Phaseolus Vulgaris ) I anticipate that over the top Nitrogen(N) added to soil will bring about the consuming of the leaves and moderate shading misfortune in the bean plant. Over the top Phosphorus(P) added to soil will bring about death of the bean plant inside a month. Inordinate Potassium(K) added to the dirt will bring about yellowing of leaves and gradually lead to death of the bean plant. Over the top Iron(Fe) added to soil will bring about death of bean plant inside weeks. Presentation An analysis was directed at CSULA nursery. To examine the impact of multiple times the prescribed macronutrient sum added to the bean plants in a one month term. The macronutrient Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium are the most well-known segments of plant manures. These macronutrients are the synthetic structure squares of plant structure. The expansion of macronutrients will for the most part improve plant development. Be that as it may, abundance sum will likewise cause plasmolysis of root cells and harm to or demise of the plant (Gomez Material Pot tests were completed during January to March 2004 to research the impact of various degrees of macronutrients on development and improvement of kidney bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) at CSULA nursery. Each pot was loaded up with 1000g of blend soil (pH6.5). The seeds were purchased in1997 from Burpee Company. The seeds were planted on Dec. 12, 2003 of every a blend of one section peatmoss, redwood fertilizer (by Orchard Supply Hardware) a... <!

Person Perception and Impressions of Others

Person Perception and Impressions of Others Theories Social Psychology Print How Person Perception Helps Us Form Impressions of Others By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 10, 2019 Biddiboo / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In social psychology, the term person perception?? refers to the different mental processes that we use to form impressions of other people. This includes not just how we form these impressions, but the different conclusions we make about other people based on our impressions. Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day. When you meet with a new co-worker, you immediately begin to develop an initial impression of this person. When you visit the grocery store after work, you might draw conclusions about the cashier who checks you out, even though you know very little about this person. This allows us to make snap judgments and decisions, but it can also lead to biased or stereotyped perceptions of other people. Lets take a closer look at how person perception works?? and the impact it has on our day-to-day interactions with other people. What Information Do We Use to Form Impressions? Obviously, person perception can be a very subjective process that can be impacted by a number of variables. Factors that can influence the impressions you form of other people include the characteristics of the person you are observing, the context of the situation, your own personal traits and your past experiences. People often form impressions of others very quickly with only minimal information. We frequently base our impressions on the roles and social norms we expect from people. For example, you might form an impression of a city bus driver based on how you would anticipate a person in that role to behave, considering individual personality characteristics only after you have formed this initial impression. Physical cues can also play an important role. If you see a woman dressed in a professional-looking suit, you might immediately assume that she works in a formal setting, perhaps at a law firm or bank. The salience of the information we perceive is also important. Generally, we tend to focus on the most obvious points rather than noting background information. The more novel or obvious a factor is, the more likely we are to focus on it. If you see a woman dressed in a tailored suit and her hair styled in a bright pink mohawk, you are likely to pay more attention to her unusual hairstyle than her sensible business attire. Social Categorization One of the mental shortcuts we use in person perception is known as social categorization.?? In the social categorization process, we mentally categorize people into different groups based on common characteristics. Sometimes this process occurs consciously, but for the most part, social categorizations happen automatically and unconsciously. Some of the most common groupings people use include age, gender, occupation, and race. As with many mental shortcuts, social categorization has both positive and negative aspects.?? One of the strengths of social categorization is that it allows people to make judgments very quickly. Realistically, you simply do not have time to get to know each and every person you come into contact with on an individual, personal basis. Using social categorization allows you to make decisions and establish expectations of how people will behave in certain situations very quickly, which allows you to focus on other things. The problems with this technique include the fact that it can lead to errors, as well as to stereotyping or even prejudice.?? Consider this example: Imagine that you are getting on a bus but there are only two seats available. One seat is next to a petite, silver-haired, elderly woman, the other seat is next to a burly, grim-faced man. Based on your immediate impression, you sit next to the elderly woman, who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets. Because of social categorization, you immediately judged the woman as harmless and the man as threatening, leading to the loss of your wallet. While social categorization can be useful at times, it can also lead to these kinds of misjudgments. Implicit Personality Theories An implicit personality theory is a collection of beliefs and assumptions that we have about how certain traits are linked to other characteristics and behaviors. Once we know something about a cardinal trait, we assume that the person also exhibits other traits that are commonly linked to that key characteristic. For example, if you learn that a new co-worker is very happy, you might immediately assume that she is also friendly, kind and generous. As with social categorization, implicit personality theories help people make judgments quickly, but they can also contribute to stereotyping and errors.

A Proposal For Personal Finance - 1976 Words

To: Department Chair, Bachelors of General Studies Administration From: Nadira Johnson Date: December 1, 2016 ENGL 3310_48F Technical Report Writing Subject: A proposal for Personal Finance 101 to be added to the Bachelors of General Studies Degree Curriculum. The Mission Statement of Lamar University, aspires to engage and empower students with the skills and knowledge to thrive in their personal lives and chosen fields of endeavor. I believe that the course Personal Finance 101, directly respects our University’s mission. Personal Finance is defined as the financial decisions and activities of an individual or household. This also includes budgeting, insurance programs, and future planning such as retirement, mortgage and savings planning. Lamar University students will be able to increase their knowledge of inflation, risk, and the power of interest compounding. Lamar University students will be able to gain a substantial understanding on how to properly assess their current financial position. Accompanied by the importance of buying insurance to protect from risks, student loan planning and calculating and filling taxes as an adult. Students in college need to have a better understanding of their current financial status, and increase their focus on areas in need of improvement. The Financial Awareness and Consumer Training for Students, also known as (FACTS) completed a survey that retained information regarding first year college students personal financeShow MoreRelatedCorporate Tax Case Study990 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canadian private corporate tax rate is lower than the personal income tax rate.1,2 The intention for this lower tax rate is because the government recognizes the investment risks involved in operating a business.3 Also, lower tax rates incentivize business owners to reinvest in their own business which will promote a stronger economy.3 However, the issue with lower corporation tax rates is that high income individuals can use loopholes in the tax system and incorporate to pay significantly lowerRead MoreResearch Proposal1706 Words   |  7 Pages 4TH NOVEMBER, 2010. Proposal for Research Study Factors affecting the success rate of microfinance in Economic students association funding project By GROUP SEVEN 4th November 2010 DECLARATION We hereby declare that this research proposal has not been submitted to any other institution for any academic qualification. By Group 7 members Date 4th November 2010 DEDICATION This proposal is dedicated to the ESA for it’s fully support in ensuring the successRead MoreHow Does It Work?1291 Words   |  6 Pagesowe and the assets you own. We will also need details of your income and expenditure, so we can work out how much you can afford to pay to your unsecured creditors each month. We basically gather as much information as we can about you and your finances, so we can advise you what your best debt solution options are. Don’t worry if your business income fluctuates and you can’t afford to commit to a regular fixed monthly payment amount. Our self-employed IVA monthly payments can be flexible, takingRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Ut Student Government878 Words   |  4 Pageslast few years concerning, which is indeed, the â€Å"most democratic†. However, in terms of a govern election for the UT student government I believe proposal three is the most sound in creating the most democratic system in that it gives candidates the same chance in the election process and restricts the personal wealth of individual candidates. In proposal three candidates can only accept donations from students and each donation cannot exceed $25. Since this election is only regarding the UT studentRead MoreHome Ownership Has Long Been Considered The Epitome Of926 Words   |  4 Pagesproperty prices versus household income has made it difficult for prospective buyers to finance the purchase of their first home. The ratio between house prices versus household income was 3.3 times in June 1981, (Hall Thomas, n.d.). Stratospheric growth in house prices over a three decade period has seen the ratio rise to 6.9 times as of September 2016. Furthermore, the amount of household income required to finance an initial 20% down payment has exponentially increased from 85.9% in September 2001Read MoreRiordan Manufacturing: Information System Proposal1140 Words   |  5 Pagesand its current technical resources. Riordans ERP system was installed in 1992 and independent from its branch offices. This system is an integral part of the finance and accounting application. Riordan employs over 550 people and has offices located in California, Michigan, Georgia, and China. Each branch office has an independent finance and accounting system that is consolidated at the corporate headquarters in San Jose, California. A brief overview of Riordans current information system andRead MoreThe East Facade Of The Louvre820 Words   |  4 PagesIntro The East Faà §ade of the Louvre was the one of most important architecture in the seventeen century. The Faà §ade is the main entrance to the royal palace in its original proposal. However, Louis XIV, who decided to build this architecture with his finance minister, moved to the Chà ¢teau de Versailles as his royal palace. Nowadays, this side of the Louvre is an inconspicuous entrance of the Louvre Museum. As a palace entrance, the East Facade of the Louvre responded the traditional chateau in FranceRead MoreThe Eastern Facade Of The Louvre805 Words   |  4 PagesIntro The Eastern Faà §ade of the Louvre was the one of most important architecture in the seventeen century. The Faà §ade is the main entrance for royal palace in its original proposal. However, Louis XIV, who decided to build this architecture with his finance minister, moved to the Chà ¢teau de Versailles as his royal palace. Nowadays, this side of the Louvre is an inconspicuous entrance of the Louvre Museum. As a palace entrance, the eastern Facade of the Louvre responded the traditional chateauRead MoreChemical Bank1284 Words   |  6 Pages* Treasury Group * Metropolitan Division * Trust and Investment Division * Finance Division Treasury Group was responsible for investing Due Bill funds in greater interest generating markets and for trading in secondary market. Metro Division sells Due bills to customer; Trust amp; Investment division involved in setting up Due bills accounts and in providing Data processing services. Finance division was responsible for Cost and profit allocation between divisions. There were twoRead MoreEssay on Worldcom1595 Words   |  7 Pagesare the three or four central objectives that Breeden hopes to achieve with the proposals in â€Å"Restoring Trust†? Why is reform needed? What are the benefits? What are your concerns regarding the reform? The WorldCom Corporate Monitor, Richard Breeden, believed that in order to correct the ills that faced the company, WorldCom needed to adopt a strong Corporate Governance structure. The central objectives of his proposal â€Å"Restoring Trust† included improving the composition of WorldCom Board, eradicating

Themes of Honor and Shame in Invisible Man Essay - 1383 Words

EXECUTE SHAME GENTLY Invisible Man is a novel by Ralph Ellison, addressing many social and moral issues regarding African-American identity, including the inside of the interaction between the white and the black. His novel was written in a time, that black people were treated like degraded livings by the white in the Southern America and his main character is chosen from that region. In this figurative novel he meets many people during his trip to the North, where the black is allowed more freedom. As a character, he is not complex, he is even naà ¯ve. Yet, Ellison’s narration is successful enough to show that he improves as he makes radical decisions about his life at the end of the book. The nameless narrator is a young black†¦show more content†¦White people’s idea of educating black is surrounded by abasement. What is seen on the surface that the college tries to achieve is not what is beneath. The narrator realizes this when he has to talk to Dr. Bledsoe after his misdeeds. Dr. Bledsoe’s speech, although mostly reprimanding, gives clues about many moral issues, which the people experiencing the racism and division of races come across. â€Å"Please him? And here you are a junior in college! Why, the dumbest black bastard in the cotton patch knows that the only way to please a white man is to tell him a lie!† (pg.139) â€Å"My God, boy! Youre black and living in the South—did you forget how to lie? These two sentences, owned by Dr. Bledsoe suggest that the boy should lie to hide the inconvenient truth to Mr. Norton. It brings a question of ethics, along with honor. â€Å"Is a person who lies honorable?† â€Å"Is lying permissible in this case?† The investigation and the answers to these questions will make the understanding of honor clearer. â€Å"Negroes dont control this school or much of anything else—havent you learned even that? No, sir, they dont control this school, nor white folk either. True they support it, but I control it. Is big and black and I say Yes, suh as loudly as any burr-head when its convenient, but Im still the king down here.† (Pg.142) The reason that Dr. Bledsoe wants the narrator to lie is apparent on the quotation above. His hunger for authority, his affection towards power, his ambition toShow MoreRelatedSocietal Power And Racial Oppression1467 Words   |  6 PagesTaylor Bradley Honors English 11 Nicholas Period 1 Societal Power and Racial Oppression In the mid 1900’s, different parts of society struggled with power due to the idea of racial supremacy. The idea of a superior race lead to the racial oppression of blacks, which had deep and lasting effects on society. This can be seen in Native Son by Richard Wright. During this time, power was heavily dependent on race: a concept Bigger Thomas struggled with throughout the entire novel. This can be seen onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet s Revenge1742 Words   |  7 Pagesthe human condition. William Shakespeare investigates themes of revenge, morality, sex, and familial complexities that entangle us all at one point and time. Shakespeare story of Hamlet gives us one of our first tragic heroes in modern literary history. In his quest for revenge for his father’s death we also see the systematic decline and lapses into madness that will lead to Hamlet’s eventual demise. His quest for revenge is one the core themes of Shakespeare’s Hamlet w e will examine how this questRead More Paganism and Christianity’s Roles in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight2350 Words   |  10 Pageson â€Å" Greenness† and â€Å"The Green Man in the Open†; excerpted here are the final three sections. The full text will soon be made available online at this address. Green Man Legend’s Influence in Christian Legend Visual art and writing have served as powerful media incorporating pagan myth into Christianity. This process seems to have been set into motion by the abundant appearance of morality instructing green men and vegetation figures. Also, the Green Man myth appears to have had a powerfulRead MoreTheology of the Body32011 Words   |  129 Pageslanguage groupings, will generally break the theology of the body found in these 129 catecheses down into four main sections, others six. I think the most logical way to do so is to break it down into seven interrelated sections: 1) The Original Unity of Man and Woman as found in the Book of Genesis †¢ 23 catecheses from September 5, 1979-April 9, 1980 2) Purity of Heart versus Concupiscence: Catechesis on the Sermon on the Mount †¢ 27 catecheses from April 16 to December 10, 1980 3) St. Paul’s TeachingRead More How the Characters in Much Ado About Nothing Learn to Love Essay2994 Words   |  12 PagesCharacters in Much Ado About Nothing Learn to Love  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The title of Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing has sparked scholarly debates about its meaning for centuries.   Some say it is a play on the term â€Å"noting†, revolving around the theme of all sorts of deceptions by all sorts of appearances (Rossiter 163).   Others claim it has more to do with everyone making a fuss about things that turn out to be false, therefore, nothing (Vaughn 102).   Regardless of these speculations, there isRead More Othello’s Themeland3037 Words   |  13 Pagesmultiple themes, Othello is one of William Shakespeare’s most popular   tragedies. Let’s sift through the themes and try to rank them in significance.    In the Introduction to The Folger Library General Reader’s Shakespeare, Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar consider the arch-villainy of the ancient to be the most potent theme:    Othello has been described as Shakespeare’s most perfect play. Critics of dramatic structure have praised it for its attention to the main theme withoutRead MoreThe Things They Carried2220 Words   |  9 Pageshell, but that’s not the half of it, because war is also mystery and terror and adventure and courage and discovery and holiness and pity and despair and longing and love. War is nasty; war is fun. War is thrilling; war is drudgery. War makes you a man; war makes you dead.† (80) This passage is very significant to the reality of the soldiers in the Vietnam War and brings to life the setting of the entire novel. The soldiers were primarily teenagers and young men in their early twenties who had notRead More Shakespeares Othello: Jealousy Sexual in Nature Essay2214 Words   |  9 Pageshideous blunder. [. . .] But jealousy, and especially sexual jealousy, brings with it a sense of shame and humiliation. For this reason it is generally hidden; if we perceive it we ourselves are ashamed and turn our eyes away; and when it is not hidden it commonly stirs contempt as well as pity. Nor is this all. Such jealousy as Othello’s converts human nature into chaos, and liberates the beast in man; and it does this in relation to one of the most intense and also the most ideal of human feelingsRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass An American Slave4034 Words   |  17 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave, By Frederick Douglass Date: July 31, 2015 Total Pages: 13 Dialectical Journal Quotes Chapter and Page # Analysis (Characters, Theme, Plot) â€Å"My mother was of a darker complexion than either my grandmother or grandfather. My father was a white man. He was admitted to be such by all I ever heard speak of my parentage.† Chapter 1 Page 2 Indirect Characterization: Speech This shows us that Frederick douglass was not a full african americanRead More Democracy According to Mailer Essay3483 Words   |  14 PagesDemocracy According to Mailer Re-reading the bulk of my work in the course of a spring and summer, one theme came to predominate-it was apparent that most of my writing was about America. How much I loved our country-that was evident-and how much I didnt love it at all! -Norman Mailer, foreword to Time of Our Time The first time I read anything written by Norman Mailer-it was an excerpt from the Vietnam-era Armies of the Night-I remember two things coming to my mind. The first thing

Birdgeton Case Free Essays

Memorandum To: Mike Lewis From: Overseas Consulting Group Date: December 9th 1990 Subject: Manifolds Retention vs. Outsourcing Analysis Our team of financial analysts has taken an in depth look at the consultant’s recommendation to potentially outsource the manifold production line. Through our analysis you will see that the consultants have not considered the full financial impact that this outsourcing would have on the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Birdgeton Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is likely because the recommendation has not taken into consideration the range of costs affecting Bridgeton industries. Through our analysis it becomes clear that the decision to retain the manifold production line will be more financially beneficial to the company. We will begin with some of the assumptions of our analysis, and the conclusions from our various analyses of Bridgeton Industries Costs. Please refer to the attached excel file for detailed analysis of the numbers. We know that Bridgeton uses an absorption costing system which does not easily distinguish between fixed and variable costs. The problem with that system makes it very challenging to forecast appropriately the cost of excess capacity and furthermore the impact of outsourcing the manifold production line. Therefore the reported costs are not appropriate for this type of analysis. Our team began our own analysis of the costs to evaluate the recommendation. We began by calculating gross margin for each product, by first identifying how much overhead should be allocated to each category. We broke out the overhead by using Direct Labor (DL) as a % since most of the overhead accounts are labor related. As a result, overhead allocation for each product in 1987 is the following: Fuel Tanks 17%, Manifolds 24%, Doors 11%, Muffler/Exhausts 23%, and Oil Pans 26% for 1987. Muffler/Exhausts, manifolds and Oil Pans are both labor intensive, so under this method, they bear a higher percentage of the overhead costs. Now that Bridgeton stopped producing Muffler/Exhausts and Oil Pans, the manifold line carries an even greater proportion of the overhead costs of 46%. Therefore, the cost per manifold goes up because of the larger share of overhead it has to absorb. Please refer to the analysis file, tab 2 for 1991 forecasts. We assumed the sales and costs for each category would increase close to the same percentage as previous year. The overhead forecast required greater detailed analysis. The question is how to anticipate how much overhead would go down due to discontinuation of manifolds. In 1989, DL and direct material (DM) went down 46% and 47% respectively from the outsourcing of the other production lines. If manifolds were to be outsourced and all DL and DM were eliminated, then we are looking at approximately 44% decrease in DL and 49% decrease in DM. We assumed for the purpose of our analysis, that the reductions in DL and DM for these two year are comparable. Thus, we applied the same percentage of overhead reduction in each account to the 1989 to the 1991 overhead accounts. Once we established these overhead accounts, we then analyzed how the costs are allocated across the remaining lines. As you can see in detailed spreadsheet, the most profitable product, the fuel tanks, now has to absorb 61% of the overhead cost and its gross margin is down to 33% from 43%. The doors’ gross margin also went south from 27% to 17%. Clearly the fixed costs, which weren’t removed with the outsourcing, have eroded the profitability of all of the remaining products. The consultant’s suggestion to outsource production is actually not a good option after all. Fix costs embedded in the cost per unit won’t go away because less profitable parts are outsourced. If Bridgeton industries wants to seriously considering outsourcing the manifold line or any other some significant overhead restructuring is necessary to try and reduce the fixed cost profitability dilution. Changes to cost structure As we mentioned previously Bridgeton currently uses a single overhead pool for the entire plant that allocates costs based on direct labor hours. Since the production process of the various product lines vary greatly, this causes the overhead allocation to be inaccurate. The products have different levels of automation and manual work (refer to descriptions in exhibit 1). While one product line may be diligently working to reduce costs, another product line can simply reduce production and receive the same relative decrease in overhead costs. Also, the overhead percentage is calculated only once a year at budget time and is used throughout the entire model year. With an annual calculation, there is little to no incentive for employees to continuously reduce their costs month to month. Bridgeton should recalculate the overhead percentages on a monthly basis to be more accurate if possible. We recommend creating multiple overhead pools by taking the overhead cost elements and assigning them to the product lines that are truly driving those expenses (basically link overhead to the product). Having a product specific allocation of OH expenses will allow management to have better visibility to the product cost reduction efforts of the employees. Variable Costs, Fixed Costs Excess Capacity Ultimately the problem Bridgeton is facing is related to fixed costs due to excess capacity. Once production lines are outsourced, the remaining fixed costs in OH which are not outsourced represent the excess capacity. This is a cost problem for the company as the other products must absorb this. The two obvious solutions to this problem are to cut these costs as much as possible. Through restricting initiatives this can be made possible. The other solution would be to increase demand of existing product lines. In the case of Bridgeton industries there is a need for a strategic shift to increase that demand. Continuing cost reduction initiatives are necessary, but a strategy to differentiate Bridgeton’s products through quality, reliability, service, etc. could help increase demand and furthermore reduce the impact of excess capacity costs. Additionally if new overhead pools are created, as we recommended above, management should set standards for the activity on each product line. This will help control variable costs and keep the lines accountable for their own expenses. Supplies and small tools should only be purchased as need and overtime hours should be kept to a minimum. Fixed costs are absorbed evenly by each line, but can still be reevaluated by management. For example, a fixed asset audit can be performed to ensure that all assets that are being depreciated are truly in-service. Calculate the OH Rates The 1987 overhead rate used in the study was 435% of direct labor dollar costs. Bridgeton’s actual rate was 437% that year. Overhead rates for the remaining years are calculated below (OH / DL): As you can see the overhead rate for 199, which would be 752% without manifolds, is severely detrimental to the company financially. Clearly the consulting firm did not factor in the fixed costs associated with production when recommending the outsourcing of the manifold production line. Our conclusion is to continue producing manifolds going forward, and to adjust our cost reporting structure to better be able to analyze future strategic shifts such as outsourcing a product line. As a company if Bridgeton does not do a better job to understand the costs of the business, it will be very challenging to make the best business decisions in the long run. Calculations: GM% = (Sales – Direct Material – Direct Labor – Overhead) / Sales Product GM% = (Product Sales – Product DM – Product DL – Product Overhead) / Product Sales Product Overhead = Dept Overhead * DL Rate for product Product Costs = Direct Material + Direct Labor + Overhead DM Rate: (Direct Material / Total Direct Material) DL Rate: (Direct Labor / Total Direct Labor) How to cite Birdgeton Case, Essay examples

Effectos of 1905 Revolution on Russian Government free essay sample

?How significant were the effects of 1905 Revolution on Russian government and society at the time? The 1905 Revolution was significant to Russian government in long run but not in short run. After investigating into the contemporary sources which focus on different people’s opinions towards the Revolution and changes brought about by it, I found that there were general agreements on the following views. Firstly, the 1905 Revolution did brought changes to the practice of Russian government; however, as it did not bring an end to the autocratic regime in Russia, the short term the effects of the Revolution was not significant. In long run, the Revolution significantly aroused people’s anger towards the Tsar, and we can even argue that it provoked the 1917 Revolution, and arguably, it changed the whole system of government and political structure of Russia, so the long term significance of the revolution to Russian government was more remarkable. Secondly, we could doubt the effects of the Revolution on Russian society. It brought freedom to the people through the October Manifesto, but it is questionable whether it changed the Russians’ life significantly. Politically, the short term significance of the effects of the 1905 Revolution was not remarkable. The 1905 Revolution brought changes to the political structure of Russia; however, its significance was usually over exaggerated by historians. The Revolution brought about was the first broad based challenge to Tsardom. It exposed people’s hidden anger to the Tsar and organized into an armed revolution which aimed to overthrown the Tsarist government. Alan Wood suggested that 1the events of the 1905 Revolution such as the Bloody Sunday was the first revolutionary disturbance which forced the Tsar to authorize the holding of elections for a consultative and legislative national assembly. Peter Waldron2 shared similar views and suggested that the Revolution was significant in reminding the Tsar the existence of ordinary citizens in society and lead to the establishment of the October Manifesto which brought political power to ordinary citizens in an elitist autocratic tsarist regime. The October Manifesto established on 17th October, 19053 stated clearly that an elected legislative body (Duma) would be established, under which no legislations could become law without the approval of Duma. These illustrated the short term significance of the effects of the 1905 Revolution to Russian’s government, because election was introduced for the first time in history, Russia was moving towards a modern constitutional government. People in Russia were finally being given some political power. Another effect brought by the 1905 Revolution was the wide spread of disorder, it posed significance to Russian government, because arguably it could be considered as an attempt to put an end to the autocratic regime. An 4extract from the workers’ petition presented to the Tsar on 22nd January, 1905, stated the workers’ demand for ‘any right to speak, to think, to assemble, to discuss our needs, or to take measures to improve our conditions’ and they would ‘left their work would not resume work until they meet their demands and showed that there were many workers involved in the Revolution; they would strike until the government granted them basic human rights, the rights to choose their own representative and reasonable wages. This implied that people were resistance to autocratic rule, and demanded for representation in the system of government. However, the workers’ petition only showed people’s demand in improving their living conditions and rights, the workers may not have any intentions to overthrow Tsardom. Historian 5Michael Lynch supported this view; he highlighted that fact that the workers had planned a peaceful march to Winter Palace. Their intention was to present a loyal petition to the tsar, begging him to relieve their desperate condition. The fact that the presentation of the workers petition turned into Bloody Sunday, was caused by the inability of the police force to deal with such numerous unarmed petitioners, thus we doubt the short term significance of the Revolution to Russian government. However, historian Han Rogger6 argued that the fact that a peaceful petition of the workers was turned into a massacre had destroyed the traditional image of the Tsar as their â€Å"Little Father†, thus provoked resistance towards Tsardom. So from this aspect, in long term, the 1905 Revolution was significant to Russian government at the time. Furthermore, Nicholas II wrote, 7â€Å"There have been serious disorders in St. Petersburg because workmen wanted to come up to the Winter Palace. Troops had to open fire in several places in the city† once again implied the political and social instability brought by the 1905 Revolution and its attempts to put an end to autocracy. Thus, the Revolution was significant as an attempt to overthrow Tsardom. However, in the later part of his diary, he wrote â€Å"Mama arrived from town, straight to church. I lunched with all others†, showed that Nicholas II did not understand the needs of the Russians. He went to have a walk and have lunch, after such a painful massacre demonstrated that the Revolution did not pose any threat to the Tsar. However, the fact that the diary entry showed â€Å"there were many killed and wounded† by the troops during the petition, damaged Nicholas II’s reputation, and formed a political force against the regime, and the fact that many people went to protest in St. Petersburg showed that Russians were generally becoming more critical to the regime in long run. Sergei Witte’s letter to Nicholas II8 backed up the above evidence and showed us clearly that â€Å"The government must be ready to proceed along constitutional lines†, as it was the only solution to ease people’s anger brought about by the 1905 Revolution, so arguably, the establishment of the Russian Constitution, which was a very significant step of political modernization, was a direct outcome of the Revolution. However, 9the secondary work of Orlando Figes pointed that Witte had a very liberal political view, which he personally in favour of a democratic political system. The Witte’s letter could only present subjective and liberal views. 10A diary entry written by Nicholas II on 19th October, 1905, about the October manifesto, he wrote ‘There was no other way out but to cross oneself and give what everyone was asking for’ once again backed up the above ideas, and showed us clearly that there was no choice for Nicholas II to install stability to Russia after the 1905 Revolution, but to established a constitution and a State Duma. These illustrated that the short term significance of the Revolution to Russian government. After all the 1905 Revolution did directly brought a constitutional government to Russia. However, the above arguments illustrate by Nicholas II diary entry could only showed the views of the Tsar. As the Tsar was force to give away some of his power to the Duma, he would obviously consider himself as the victim of the Revolution. Thus it was questionable whether Nicholas II really gave the Russians â€Å"what everyone was asking for†. Historian Alexander Chubarov suggested 11that Nicholas II did not intentionally want to grant the people power of franchise, he did not intentionally want to establish the October Manifesto and he half-heartedly adopted those policies stated in the October Manifesto and thus ineffective. When drawing up the fundamental laws in early 190612, the Tsar did all he could to limit the powers of Duma. The law stated that â€Å"The Sovereign Emperor enjoys the legislative initiative in all legislative matter. † Showed that the continuation of the Tsar’s power in the legislature after the 1905 Revolution. In addition, the electoral system discriminated heavily on peasants; elections were indirect and were cast by curios which set up by separate constituencies. Thus the Tsar remained powerful and government workings largely remained the same after 1905 Revolution. 13Nicholas II’s wrote a diary entry on 3rd November, 1905, ‘I will never trust that man (Witte) again with the smallest thing’, it expose his private thoughts of distrust and hatred towards Witte. Nicholas II hatred towards Witte, the one who came up with the idea regarding the establishment of a Russian constitution, implied that the October Manifesto undermined his absolute power thus showed us his unwillingness to reform Russia. He failed to realize the importance of constitutional element toward the stability of Russia. This showed the 1905 Revolution could not even bring the intension to the Tsar to change the system of government. 14Another diary entry of Nicholas II written on 19thOctober, 1905, supported the above view, it also additionally highlighted that the Tsar ‘had no one to rely on except honest Trepov’. The diary entries written by Nicholas II was a reliable source showing his trust, loyalty and reliance on Trepov, who was a strongly conservative anti-reformist and showed Nicholas II strong believe in autocracy, because his diary entries were private documents which could demonstrate what he truly believed in. It was clear that the effects of 1905 Revolution to Russian government was insignificant; as the head of state, the Tsar, was still highly depend on the advice of a powerful anti-reformist, autocracy remained and there were distrust and hatred between major personnel who controlled the policy, Witte and Nicholas II. Admittedly, you may argue that Nicholas II’s trust and hatred to Trepov and Witte respectively may not affect the significance of the effects of the 1905 Revolution to Russia Government, as the successfulness of the October Manifesto was not solely depend on the Tsar. However, Alan Wood 15 suggested that Russia remained as an autocratic regime under which Nicholas II still had absolute autocracy, despite the establishment of the October Manifesto and Duma, and indeed, the decision of the Tsar determined the success or failure of the October Manifesto. In addition, 16Leon Trotsky wrote in the newspaper Izvestia comments about the political conditions in November 1905, mentioning there were ‘Cossack whip wrapped up the constitution’. This indicates that the 1905 Revolution didn’t grant people real power. ‘Police hooligan Trepov’ and ‘liberal mediator Witte’ were controlling the constitution. If Duma introduced legislation which contradicted the supreme power of the Tsar, the Tsar could simply resolve Duma. Thus illustrate there were still no scrutiny on the Tsar’s power. Thus the significance of the effects of the 1905 Revolution to Russian Government was limited; the establishment of the October Manifesto were simply a solution to stop disorder immediately. You may argue that Trotsky’s ideas were subjective and extreme; he only represented the ideas of the revolutionary minorities and Izvestia was a newspaper which only showed the Mensheviks and the Socialist-Revolutionary Party views. Thus the comments of Trotsky on Izvestia were very questionable. It was obvious that government had no intention to change the system of government and grant people political power in long run, thus reinforce my argument that the effect of 1905 Revolution was not significant on Russian government at that time. However, the anger of the people provoked by the 1905 Revolution could be considered as the catalyst of the 1917 Revolution which actually put an end to autocracy to Russia. An article17written by Lenin on Vperyod mentioned the slogan of â€Å"Death or freedom! is reverberating throughout Russia. Events are developing with astonishing rapidity. The general strike in St. Petersburg is spreading. All industrial, public and political activities are paralysed. † which showed that the 1905 Revolution was only the start of the Russian Revolution and they would not forget the lesson of Bloody Sunday and would continue to go against autocracy. So from this aspect , despite the fact that 1905 Revolution did not bring immediate change to the government of Russia, it actually indirectly brought about the greatest transfer of political power in the Russian history within 20 years time. However, the fact that Vperyod was an underground newspaper of the Bolsheviks, and we could believe that Lenin used Vperyod to raise the momentum of the Bolsheviks during the Revolution, thus this source only reflect minority views in Russian society. 18S. J. Lee suggest that, another significant effect of the 1905 Revolution on Russian government was that it led to the official establishment of political parties. Political parties were major sources of opposition against autocratic Tsarist regime. Lenin, Stalin who was the leaders of the 1917 Russian Revolution, start gaining public profiles and supports through the Bolshevik Party. Political parties, with good organizations and legitimate power in Duma, with great ambitions to seize power, were determined to overthrow Tsardom. Lenin clearly outlined in his book 19What is to be done, ‘we are prepared to render you every assistance to get there’ which showed his desire to call for insurrection and seizure of power. The creation of political parties was significant in paving a way for the collapse of the tsarist regime. However, in reality, the Tsarist regime kept control of the army and workers were repressed after 1905 Revolution. The government crushed the widespread of mass revolts. Even though, the political parties did arouse people anger, and cause instability in society after the Revolution, autocracy remained. Alan Wood also commented that â€Å"The form of government still remained as absolute autocracy† The Tsar had the power to dissolve Duma and abolish the constitution. 20S. J. Lee’s secondary work backed up Alan Wood’s idea; he commented Duma as â€Å"a parliament with party but with no scope for party politics† Thus illustrate that political parties and Duma did not had real power in hands, they could not scrutinized the government. You may argue that the significance of the effect of 1905 Revolution to Russian government was limited, but failure to overthrow the Tsarist government in 1905 inspired Lenin, that mass revolt without effective organizations would not have any effect to overthrow Tsardom, a successful revolution could only be achieved by small, disciplined and well-organized parties. Lenin was inspired to unite the proletariats and installed the Bolsheviks party with the above quality, and thus we can say that the 1905 Revolution significantly inspired Lenin and the Bolsheviks to overthrow Tsardom and indirectly lead Russia turned into a socialist state, thus in long run its significance to Russian government was remarkable. Socially, the 1905 Revolution brought a better balance of power between the people and the government. ‘Fundamental civil freedoms will be granted to the population’ and ‘the elections that have already been scheduled† were stated in the October Manifesto. The Revolution brought Russia the October Manifesto, enhanced the rights enjoyed by ordinary citizens. Furthermore, the 1905 Revolution brought constitutional change to Russia demonstrated that even ordinary citizen had a power to make a difference in society, through expression of opinions in the revolts. By using tactics to destabilize the society, such as strikes and petty stealing from land owners, the peasants expressed grievances regarding their hard life. Such actions from the society significantly brought about government response and led to the establishment of Witte remortgage payment. Thus the standards of living of the peasants were improved. So from this aspect, the 1905 Revolution was significant to Russian’s society as it granted the people freedom and it also improve the livelihood of the peasants through the response of the peasants’ petition in Russia at the time. However, Hans Roggers21 and S. J. Lee22 suggested that Nicholas broke his promise of introducing a Constitutional Monarchy, he published his own Fundamental Laws in 1906 which stated that the Tsar, â€Å"posses the supreme autocratic power† and the Tsar, not the Duma, appointed his ministers. The Tsar also retained the right to rule by decree, which means rule without Duma. The role of the people’s representative, Duma, was limited. People’s living was still under the control of the Tsar. And according to the Memoirs of Count Witte23, â€Å"The Manifesto was a bolt from the blue† as â€Å"most provincial authorities did not understand what was happening† and thus, â€Å"Violent outbreaks both revolutionary and counter-revolutionary took place all over the country†, it was clear that the 1905 revolution did not improve people’s living. However, the fact that Witte made such comments may because â€Å"the document was drafted against my will and behind my back†. But after the 1905 Revolution, revolts, strike still broke out everywhere, people still yield for improvement in their living. There were even attempts on the lives of the members of the Imperial family and even government officials according to 24Felix Yusupov, which proved that after 1905 Revolution, the livelihood of the Russian peasants were not improved. Thus the significance of the effect of 1905 Revolution on Russian society was limited. Overall, politically, its short term significance were very limited, it did brought Duma into the government structure but the role of Duma was override the autocratic Tsar. However, the long term significance was more remarkable as it was the â€Å"First Blood† in Russia and contributed to the development of the 1917 Revolution which overthrew Tsardom. As for Russian society, it did not change people’s way of living, hardships continued in Russians’ live, and thus the effect of 1905 Revolution was not significant to Russian society.